MIC pedia
Yarn Glossary
ARAMID
noun | Meaning:
Polymeric fibres with high resistance to heat, cut, abrasion and mechanical tensile strength. They are generally used in the production of protective and safety materials. The word is derived from the contraction of the composition: "ar" omatic poly "amide".
(It) aramide - (Fr) aramide - (De) Aramid - (Es) Aramida
ARTIFICIAL FIBRE
noun | Meaning:
Fibre, both continuous and cotton-like, obtained from the chemical transformation of plant cellulose.
(It) fibra artificiale - (Fr) fibre artificielle - (De) Kunstfaser - (Es) fibra artificial
BASTE, TO
verb | Meaning:
Temporary joining with thread by means of a long-stitch seam, intended to be replaced by the definitive seam.
(It) imbastire - (Fr) faufiler - (De) einheften - (Es) hilvanar
BLEND
noun | Meaning:
A mixture of fibres of different kinds (wool, polyester, cotton, etc.), different origins (different batches, etc.) and/or different colours.
(It) mischia - (Fr) mèlanges - (De) Mischungen - (Es) mezclas
BLIND STITCH
noun | Meaning:
Stitching seam made by hand or machine, not visible from the outside. Generally used for hems or zips.
(It) punto invisibile - (Fr) point invisible - (De) Blindstitch - (Es) puntada invisible
BONDED
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn subjected to an internal bonding or external covering treatment, designed to hold together the plys of which the yarn is composed, simplifying non-linear sewing operations.
(It) Bonderizzato - (Fr) bondérisation - (De) bondiert - (Es) bonderizado
COLOUR DEVIATION
noun | Meaning:
Passage of colour from one hue to another when subjected to chemical processes. The characteristic of colour variation is called colour deviation.
(It) viraggio del colore - (Fr) déviation de couleur - (De) Farbabweichung - (Es) diferencia de colores
CONTINUOUS FILAMENT
adj. phr | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn whose structure is composed of fibres as long as the yarn itself, which increases its strength. Typical structure of artificial or synthetic yarns, silk is the only natural fibre labelled as continuous filament.
(It) filamento continuo - (Fr) filament continu - (De) Endlosfaden - (Es) filamento continuo
CORE-YARN
noun | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn whose structure is composed of a continuous filament core, covered with cotton-cut fibres, both synthetic and natural. It identifies yarns with a cottony appearance but whose strength is greater than its counterpart without a continuous filament core. It is also called Core-Spun.
COUNT
noun | Meaning:
The ratio between the weight and length of a yarn, which determines its fineness (or thickness). Some of the count units used are: Tex, dTex, Nm (metric number), Den (Den).
(It) titolo - (Fr) titre - (De) Garnnummer - (Es) tìtulo
DENIER
noun | Meaning:
Unit of measurement of textile titration, identified with Den. 1 den (or Td) corresponds to 1 gram per 9,000 mt of yarn.
(It) denaro - (Fr) denier - (De) Denier - (Es) denier
DYESTUFF
noun | Meaning:
Substance, natural or chemical, capable of imparting a particular colour to a given substrate. Each textile substrate - cotton, wool, polyester, etc. - Each textile substrate - cotton, wool, polyester, etc. - requires the specific class of dyes that will take root to the fibres in question.
(It) colorante - (Fr) colorant - (De) Farbstoff - (Es) colorante
ELASTOMERE
noun | Meaning:
A natural or synthetic polymer which, extruded or hot-moulded, is spun to produce a yarn with high elastic properties.
(It) elastomero - (Fr) élastomère - (De) Elastomer - (Es) elastòmero
EYELET
noun | Meaning:
Trimming of thread at the buttonhole of a garment, where the button fits.
(It) asola - (Fr) oeillet - (De) Öse - (Es) ojal
FIBRE
noun | Meaning:
Basic element of yarns and fabrics. Fibres are thread-like portions of any material that have the property of being spun together. They are obtained from natural sources - plants, animals or minerals - or by artificial production.
(It) fibra - (Fr) fibre - (De) Faser - (Es) fibra
FILANCA
noun | Meaning:
Trade name ® of a synthetic textile fibre with elasticity, used specifically for making socks and underwear. Commonly used term for textured yarn.
only italian
FIREPROOF
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of fabric or yarn capable of extinguishing flame, reducing the risk of fire damage.
(It) ignifugo - (Fr) ininflammable - (De) feuersicher - (Es) ignìfugo
FLUORESCENT
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] colour characterised by high brightness, resulting from the property of immediately returning light rays absorbed during exposure to visible, infrared and ultraviolet light.
(It) fluorescente - (Fr) fluorescent - (De) fluoreszierend - (Es) fluorescente
GARMENT DYED
noun | Meaning:
Dyeing technique consisting of dyeing a ready-made garment, giving the finished garment a clean, uniform appearance.
(It) tintura in capo - (Fr) vêtement teint - (De) Fertigware eingefärbt - (Es) teñido en acabado
GOTS
noun | Meaning:
International control and certification standard for the sustainable production of textile products and garments made from organically grown natural fibres.
Global Organic Textile Standard
GRS
noun | Meaning:
International control and certification standard for the sustainable production of textile products and garments made from recycled material.
Global Recycled Standard
HIGH TENACITY
adj. phr | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn whose strength is greater, by raw material or structure, than standard yarns of the same count. Typical of continuous filament and/or braided fibres.
(It) alta tenacità - (Fr) haute ténacité - (De) hohe Zähigkeit - (Es) alta tenacidad
IRIDESCENT
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of fabric or yarn which, when struck by light, is capable of assuming iridescent reflections whose colours resemble those of the rainbow.
(It) iridescente - (Fr) iridescent - (De) irisierend - (Es) iridiscente
KNITWEAR
noun | Meaning:
Technology and industry relating to the manufacture of knitted fabrics, classified according to the type of needles used and the type of machine, which may be straight (or flat) or circular.
(It) maglieria - (Fr) tricotage - (De) Strickwaren - (Es) tricotado
LYOCELL
noun | Meaning:
Man-made fibre of natural origin, branded Tencel™, produced from wood pulp dissolved in a non-toxic solvent, then spun into a yarn with excellent strength, transpirability, hygroscopicity and biodegradability.
MERCERISED
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn that has undergone mercerisation, i.e. a chemical treatment carried out on cotton, or other yarns, to permanently give the yarn greater lustre, strength, elasticity and ease of dyeing.
(It) mercerizzato - (Fr) mercerisé - (De) merzerisiert - (Es) mercerisado
METRIC COUNT
noun | Meaning:
Unit of measurement in textile counting, identified as Nm. Nm corresponds to the number of 1000 metre hanks of yarn in 1 kg.
(It) titolo metrico - (Fr) numéro métrique - (De) metrische Garnnummer - (Es) nùmero métrico
MICROFIBRE
noun | Meaning:
Yarn structure consisting of fibres - generally continuous - with a thickness of between 0.3 and 1.0 dTex.
(It) microfibra - (Fr) microfibre - (De) Mikrofaser - (Es) microfibra
MONOFILAMENT
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn structure consisting of a single synthetic or artificial filament yarn.
(It) monobava - (Fr) monofil - (De) Monofil - (Es) monofilamento
NATURAL FIBRE
noun | Meaning:
Fibre that, derived directly from the plant or animal world, can be transformed into yarn through the spinning process.
(It) fibra naturale - (Fr) fibre naturelle - (De) Naturfaser - (Es) fibra natural
OEKOTEX
noun | Meaning:
The 100 by OEKOTEX® standard is an independent and internationally uniform testing and certification system for raw materials, semi-finished and finished products in the textile industry that verifies the limit values of the chemicals used
(It) Oekotex - (Fr) Oekotex - (De) Ökotex - (Es) Oekotex
OVEREDGE STITCHING
noun | Meaning:
Stitching, with 2 or more seams, whose main function is to cover the outlines of fabrics, to prevent the cut threads of the weaving from fraying during handling of the pieces.
(It) sorgettatura - (Fr) point de surjet - (De) Überwendlichstich - (Es) puntada de sobrehilado
PFC-FREE WATER REPELLENT
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn made impermeable to water by dyeing treatment free of Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), harmful to the environment.
(It) idrorepellente - (Fr) hydrofuge - (De) wasserabweisend - (Es) hidrófugo
PHOSPHORESCENT
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] yarn with photolumiscent properties, i.e. able to glow in the dark, deriving from the ability to return the light rays absorbed from visible, infrared and ultraviolet light for a given period of time, even after separation from the light source.
(It) fosforescente - (Fr) phosphorescent - (De) phosphoreszierend - (Es) fosforescente
PIECE DYED
noun | Meaning:
Dyeing technique that consists of dyeing the piece of fabric as it comes off the loom, allowing uniformity to the colour of the fabric that will later be cut and made up.
(It) tintura in pezza - (Fr) teint en piéce - (De) stückgefärbt - (Es) teñido en pieza
PLATING
noun | Meaning:
Knitting technique in which two yarns are knitted together in such a way that one evenly covers the other, presenting on one side the first thread and on the opposite side the second one. The two yarns can be the same or of different origin and fineness, and may be inverted (inverse plating) to create specific graphic effects.
(It) (Fr) (De) (Es) vanisé
PLY
noun | Meaning:
Single strand constituting the basic unit of a yarn composed of the twisting of several single threads, or plys, twisted together.
(It) capo - (Fr) bout - (De) Garn - (Es) cabos
REFLECTIVE
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of material or yarn capable of reflecting light in the same direction from which it arrives, which can increase visibility in the final application.
(It) catarifrangente - (Fr) réfléchissant - (De) reflektierendes - (Es) reflectante
SELVEDGE
noun | Meaning:
Untrimmed edge of a piece of fabric, or the left and right side of the fabric as it leaves the loom.
(It) cimosa - (Fr) lisiére - (De) Kante - (Es) borde
SEWING THREAD
noun | Meaning:
Yarn designed and manufactured specifically for sewing, whose twist is Z and whose strength is greater than yarns of the same nature designed for other uses.
(It) cucirino - (Fr) fil a coudre - (De) Nähgarn - (Es) hilo para coser
SPECTROPHOTOMETER
noun | Meaning:
An instrument used to determine optical density in matter by calculating the intensity with which a substance absorbs light and defining colour parameters.
(It) spettrofotometro - (Fr) spectrophotomètre - (De) Spektrophotometer - (Es) espectrofotómetro
SPUN - COTTON CUT
adj. phr | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn whose structure is composed of discontinuous fibres, which may measure from a few to many centimetres. They are typical of natural raw materials or synthetic fibres cut artificially, in order to reproduce the effect of cotton.
(It) taglio cotoniero - (Fr) fibres coupées - (De) fasergarn - (Es) de fibra corta
STONE WASH
noun | Meaning:
Textile washing with abrasive stones to lighten the denim fabric and give a worn appearance to the finished garment.
SYNTHETIC FIBRE
noun | Meaning:
Fibre, either continuous or cotton-cut, composed of polymer chains (chains of molecules joined in a repeated pattern) derived from the petroleum synthesis process.
(It) fibra sintetica - (Fr) fibre synthétique - (De) synthetische Faser - (Es) fibra sintética
TEX
noun | Meaning:
Unit of measurement of textile counting, identified with Tex. 1 Tex corresponds to 1 gram per 1,000 mt of yarn.
TEXTURIZED
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn whose structure is composed of fibres that have undergone the process of texturisation, i.e. a thermo-mechanical process that gives the continuous filaments of the yarn a defined shape, which improves its bulk and elasticity.
(It) testurizzato - (Fr) texturé - (De) texturiert - (Es) texturizado
THERMOSOLUBLE
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of fabric or yarn that dissolves in the presence of heat, usually generated by a press, steam or iron.
(It) termosolubile - (Fr) thermosoluble - (De) thermolöslich - (Es) termosoluble
TOPSTITCH
noun | Meaning:
Stitching visible at distant points, piercing two or more layers of fabric or leather for the purpose of bonding or padding.
(It) impuntura - (Fr) surpiqué - (De) Nähen - (Es) pespunte
TRILOBED
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn whose cross-section has three ends, making it resemble a triangle with concave sides. The trilobal cross-section allows better refraction of light, enabling the creation of shiny, bright yarns suitable for embroidery.
(It) trilobato - (Fr) trilobé - (De) dreilappig - (Es) trilobulado
TWIST
noun | Meaning:
A fundamental mechanical element in the manufacture of discontinuous fibre yarns, or 'cotton-cut' yarns, which imparts the necessary cohesion to the fibres by rotating them around their own axis. Depending on the direction of the turns, it is defined as Z-twist or S-twist.
(It) torsione - (Fr) torsion - (De) Drehung - (Es) torsiòn
TWISTED
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn whose continuous fibres are spun around an axis to impart specific characteristics - strength, elasticity, less volume, greater cohesion and uniformity.
(It) ritorto - (Fr) retordu - (De) gezwirnt - (Es) retorcido
WATER SOLUBLE
adj. | Meaning:
[Textile] of yarn that dissolves in water.
(It) idrosolubile - (Fr) soluble dans l'eau - (De) wasserlöslich - (Es) soluble en agua
YARN
noun | Meaning:
Group of textile fibres held together by twisting to form a threadlike body, usually thin and of constant count.
(It) filo - (Fr) fil - (De) Garn - (Es) hilo
YARN DYED
noun | Meaning:
Dyeing technique consisting of dyeing the raw yarn once spun, allowing uniformity to the colour of the yarn that will be used for weaving, making-up, knitting or embroidery.
(It) tintura in filo - (Fr) teint en fil - (De) garngefärbt - (Es) teñido en hiloado